Impacts of Pesticides

What are the impacts of pesticides in groundwater?

By definition, pesticides can harm plants, animals, insects, and quite possibly humans.  However, many of the impacts of  pesticides on humans and other life are not fully understood.  Also, little is known about the effects and interactions of being exposed to or consuming more than one pesticide at a time (also known as the synergistic effect). 
Here is what we do know.  Pesticides can be absorbed through the skin and lungs, and ingested in drinking water.  Adverse health impacts are not expected for consuming water with pesticides below the drinking water maximum contaminant levels.  Health impacts from consuming pesticides above the MCL depend on the kind and amount of pesticide ingested, how long exposed to the pesticide, and overall health of the individual.

In general, symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, stomach and intestinal upset, numbness of extremities, spasms, convulsions, and heart attacks.  Some pesticides are suspected of being endocrine disruptors and causes for developing cancer, which would be long-term effects.  Some symptoms are acute (immediate) and usually appear after exposure to a large dose (like spilling it on yourself, accidentally sprinkling it on your food, etc.), more than you could get from groundwater contamination under most circumstances.  Other symptoms are chronic, which means they occur in the long term.  Each pesticide has a different set of possible health effects--to learn more, visit www.epa.gov/safewater/mcl.html#organic.

Also, the effects of mixing pesticides (consuming more than one pesticide at a time in the water) are virtually unknown.

Groundwater quality responds more slowly to changes in chemical use or land management practices than surface water.  Changes can lag from many years to decades.  So when groundwater becomes contaminated with pesticides, it may take many years to recover, even after the pesticide use is discontinued.

 


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